CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS
What is joint ?
Joint is a collection of one or more bones and cartilage.
– There are four types of joint :-
1. STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
2. FUNCTION CLASSIFICATION
3. REGIONAL CLASSIFICATION
4. ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF ARTICULATING SURFACE
CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS :-
1. STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION :-
– Structural classification have three types
A. Suture
I) Skull type : skull
II) Syndesmosis : inferior tibiofibular joint
III) Gomphosis : tooth
B. Cartilaginous Joint
I) Primary cartilaginous/synchondrosis :
- 1st chondrocostal joint,
- joint between epiphysis and diaphysis, costochondral joint
II) Secondary cartilaginous/Symphysis :
- pubic symphysis
- manubrio-sterni joint
- intravertrabral joint
C) Synovial joint
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| Classification of Joint |
I) Ball and socket/Speroidal Joint :
- shoulder joint
- hip joint
- talocalcaneonavicular joint
- incudostapedial joint
II) Saddle/Sellar Joint : 1st carpometacarpal joint
- sternoclavicular joint
- calcaneocuboidal
- joint between pattela and femur
III) Condylar/bicondaylar Joint :
- knee joint
- temporo-mandibular joint
IV) Hing Joint :
- elbow joint
- ankle joint
- interphalangeal joint
V) Elipsoid Joint :
- wrist joint
- metacarpophalangeal joint
- atlanto-occipital joint
VI) Pivot or trochoid Joint :
- superior and inferior radioulnar joint
VII) Plan Joint :
- Intra carpal & tarsal joint
- superior tibiofibular joint
- intra condylar joint
- costo vertebral joint
- tarsometa-tarsal joint
- carpo-metacarpal joint
- inter metacarpal joint
- meta-tarsal joint
- sacroiliac joint
- all chondrosternal except 1st chondrosternal
- crocothyroid joint
- cricoarytenoid joint
2. Functional Classification :-
=> There are Two Types of Functional Classification.
1. Synarthroses
=> Immovable Like Fibrous Joint
=> Example :- Suture
2. Amphiarthrosis
=> Slightly Movable, Like Cartilaginous Joint
=> Example :- Intravertrabl Joint
3. Diaarthroses
=> Freely Movable, like Synovial joint
=> Example :- All Synovial Joint
3. Regional Classification
=> Three Types of Regional Classification
1. Skull type
(immovable)
2. Vertebral type
(Slightly Movable)
3. Limb type
(Freely Movable)
4. Classification by number of Articulating surface
=> There are type of Classification by Number of Articulating surface
1. Simple Joint
=> When two bone articulate
=> Example :- Interphalangeal Joint
2. Compound Joint
=> When more than two bone articulate
=> Example :- Elbow joint, Wrist Joint
3. Complex Joint
=> When Cavity divided by articulating surface and meniscus
=>Example :- Temporomandibular Joint, Sternoclavicular Joint, Knee Joint
