Muscle of the leg

 MUSCLE OF THE LEG  


There are Three Compartment Muscles of the leg

1) Anterior leg muscle

2) posterior leg muscle (calf muscle)

3) lateral leg muscle 


    1) ANTERIOR LEG MUSCLE

    Anterior Leg Muscles
    Anterior Leg Muscles


    There are 5 muscle in anterior compartment of leg muscles.

    1) Tibialis anterior

    2) Extensor hallucis longus

    3) Extensor digitorum longus

    4) Extensor digitorum brevis

    5) Peroneus tertius


    1) TIBIALIS ANTERIOR


    ORIGIN: Lateral tibial condyle and upper 2/3 of

    lateral surface of tibia, interosseous membrane.


    INSERTION: Medial and inferior surface of medial cuneiform, base of first metatarsal.


    NERVE SUPPLY: Deep peroneal nerve (L4,L5).


    ACTION: Dorsiflexes and inverts ankle.


    2) EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS


    ORIGIN: Fibula (shaft, middle ½ of medial aspect), interosseous membrane.


    INSERTION: Hallux (distal phalanx, dorsal aspect of bases), expansion to proximal phalanx.


    NERVE: Deep peroneal nerve (L5).


    ACTION: Extends great toe, ankle dorsiflexor.


    3) EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS


    ORIGIN: Upper three quarter of medial surface of fibula, interosseous membrane, lateral tibial condyle.


    INSERTION: Middle and distal phalanges of four lateral toes.


    NERVE SUPPLY: Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1).


    4) EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS


    ORIGIN: Calcaneus (anterior superolateral surface), lateral talocalcaneal ligament. Extensor retina-culum (inferior).


    INSERTION: Base of proximal phalanx of great toe, lateral side of dorsal hood of adjacent three toes.


    NERVE SUPPLY: Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1).


    ACTION: Extends great toe and adjacent three toes.


    5) PERONEUS TERTIUS


    ORIGIN: Distal third of medial surface of fibula, interosseous membrane, intermuscular septum.


    INSERTION: Medial aspect of base of fifth metatarsal.


    NERVE SUPPLY: Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1).


    ACTION: Everts and dorsiflexes ankle.



    2) POSTERIOR LEG MUSCLES 


    A) Superficial muscle of posterior leg

    (CALF MUSCLE)

    (mnemonic :- GPS)

    Superficial Muscle of Posterior Leg
    Superficial Muscle of Posterior Leg Muscle


    There are three muscle in superficially to posterior compartment of leg muscle 

    1) G – Gastronimius 

    2) P – Plantaris

    3) S – Soleus


    1) GASTROCNEMIUS


    ORIGIN

    Medial head—femur (posterior part of medial condyle).

    Lateral head—femur (lateral surface of lateral

    condyle).


    INSERTION: Posterior surface of calcaneus.


    NERVE SUPPLY: Tibial nerve (S1, S2).


    ACTION: Plantar flexes ankle, flexes knee.


    2) PLANTARIS


    ORIGIN: Lateral supra condylar ridge, oblique popliteal ligament.


    INSERTION: Tendocalcaneus.


    NERVE SUPPLY: Tibial nerve (S1, S2).


    ACTION: Plantar flexes ankle, flexes knee.


    3) SOLEUS


    ORIGIN: Soleal line and middle third of medial border of tibia, posterior surface of head and upper quarter of fibula, fibrous arch between tibia and fibula.


    INSERTION: Posterior surface of calcaneus.


    NERVE SUPPLY: Tibial nerve (S1, S2).


     ACTION: Plantar flexes ankle.


    B) Deep muscle of posterior leg

    Deep Muscle of Posterior Leg
    Deep Muscle of Posterior Leg


    1) Tibialis posterior

    2) Flexors hallucis longus —–

    3) Flexors digitorum longus —–

    4) Popliteus


    1) TIBIALIS POSTERIOR


    ORIGIN: Tibia (lateral aspect of posterior surface, below soleal line, interosseous membrane, upper half of posterior surface of fibula, deep transverse fascia).


    INSERTION: Tuberosity of navicular, medial cunei- form, sustentaculum tali, intermediate cuneiform, base of second to fourth metatarsals.


    NERVE SUPPLY: Tibial nerve (L4,5).


    ACTION: Plantar flexes and inverts ankle.


    2) FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS  


    ORIGIN : Lower 2/3 of posterior fibula between median crest and posterior border


    INSERTION: Base of distal phalanx of big toe 


    NERVE SUPPLY: Tibial nerve ( S2, S3 )


    ACTION: Flexion of distal phalnx of big toe and    Plantar flexes of  ankle 


    3) FLEXOR HALLUCIS BREVIS 

     

    ORIGIN : Planter aspect of cuniformis bone.

    INSERTION

    Medial head : medial side of base of proximal phalanx 

    lateral head : lateral side of  base of proximal phalanx 


    NERVE SUPPLY: Medial planter nerve ( S2, S3 )


    ACTION: flexion of metacarpophalgeal joint of big toe 


    4) POPLITEUS


    ORIGIN: Outer surface of lateral femoral condyle.


    INSERTION: Posterior surface of tibia above soleal line.


    NERVE SUPPLY: Tibial nerve (L4–S1).


    ACTION: Medially rotates tibia, flexes knee.


    3) LETRAL LEG MUSCLE 

    Lateral Leg Muscle
    Lateral Leg Muscle


    There are two muscle in lateral leg 

    A) Peroneus longus

    B) Peroneus brevis


    A) PERONEUS LONGUS


    ORIGIN: Lateral tibial condyle, upper 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula, intermuscular septa.

      

    INSERTION: Lateral side of base of first metatarsal, medial cuneiform.


    NERVE SUPPLY: Superficial peroneal nerve (L5, S1).


    ACTION: Everts and plantar flexes ankle.


    B) PERONEUS BREVIS


    ORIGIN: Lower 2/3 of lateral surface at fibula, intermuscular septa.


    INSERTION: Lateral side of base of fifth metatarsal.


    NERVE SUPPLY: Superficial peroneal nerve (L5, S1).


    ACTION: Everts and plantar flexes ankle.


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